The advantages of Page Object Model are:
1. Object Repository / Code Reusability POM creates a centralized repository of all web elements in separate page classes along with their associated methods. The same page class can be used across multiple test scripts without duplicating locators.
2. Easy Maintenance — Single Point of Change For any change in UI or web elements, only the page object file needs to be updated. Test files remain unchanged. This dramatically reduces maintenance effort when the application UI changes.
3. Readability Test scripts become clean and readable — they describe WHAT is being tested, not HOW to find elements. Example:
loginPage.login("admin", "pass123");
dashboardPage.verifyWelcomeMessage();
- ✓Page files → HOW to interact with the page (locators + methods)
- ✓Test files → WHAT to test (test scenarios + assertions)
5. Reduced Code Duplication Common actions like login, navigation, and form filling are written once in the page class and reused everywhere.
6. Better Collaboration Developers and testers can work on page classes and test classes independently without conflicts.
Summary table:
| Benefit | Without POM | With POM |
|---|---|---|
| Locator change | Edit all test files | Edit one page file |
| Code duplication | High | None |
| Readability | Low | High |
| Maintenance effort | High | Low |