Provide an example of the Background keyword in Cucumber.

Q: Provide an example of the Background keyword in Cucumber.

Background Keyword Example Basic Example gherkin Feature: Banking Application Background: Given the user is on the application login page Scenario: Check account balance When the user logs in with valid credentials And navigates to "My Account" Then the balance "$5,000" should be displayed Scenario: Transfer funds When the user logs in with valid credentials And initiates a transfer of "$200" to account "ACC-789" Then the transaction should show "Transfer Successful" The Background step "Given the user is on the application login page" runs before each scenario automatically. Real-World Backgr

Answer

Background Keyword Example

Basic Example

Gherkin

Feature: Banking Application

  Background:
    Given the user is on the application login page

  Scenario: Check account balance
    When the user logs in with valid credentials
    And navigates to "My Account"
    Then the balance "$5,000" should be displayed

  Scenario: Transfer funds
    When the user logs in with valid credentials
    And initiates a transfer of "$200" to account "ACC-789"
    Then the transaction should show "Transfer Successful"

The Background step "Given the user is on the application login page" runs before each scenario automatically.

Real-World Background Example

Gherkin

Feature: E-Commerce Product Management (Admin)

  Background:
    Given the admin opens the Chrome browser
    And the admin navigates to the admin portal
    And the admin logs in with username "admin" and password "Admin@123"
    And the admin is on the Products management page

  Scenario: Add new product
    When the admin clicks "Add New Product"
    And fills in product name "Wireless Headphones"
    And sets price "89.99"
    And clicks "Save Product"
    Then the success message "Product added successfully" should appear

  Scenario: Edit existing product price
    When the admin finds product "Wireless Headphones"
    And updates the price to "79.99"
    And clicks "Update"
    Then the price should show "79.99" in the product list

  Scenario: Delete a product
    When the admin finds product "Old Product"
    And clicks the Delete icon
    And confirms deletion
    Then the product should no longer appear in the list

Execution Order

CODE

Scenario 1 runs as:
  Given the admin opens Chrome          ← Background
  And admin navigates to portal         ← Background
  And admin logs in                     ← Background
  And admin is on Products page         ← Background
  When admin clicks "Add New Product"   ← Scenario step
  ...

Scenario 2 runs as:
  Given the admin opens Chrome          ← Background (again)
  And admin navigates to portal         ← Background (again)
  ...

Background as Precondition

Gherkin

Background:
  Given the user is on the application login page

-- This is equivalent to writing this in EVERY scenario:
Scenario: Some test
  Given the user is on the application login page
  When ...